Two categories of ownership lead to two different approaches to longevity
Companies that survive and flourish for a number of years have a clearly defined generic strategy which helps gain the competitive advantage in the market while growth strategy defines the ways to gain market leadership position
There are companies which are privately held and ownership is family-based. These companies face a much bigger challenge in sustaining over the long term, because they are completely dependent on the personalities of the person who is running the company. Generally family-based businesses perish due to lack of vision/interest/capability among the next generation or due to infighting among the family members.
Publicly held companies which are run by a board, which have lasted for a long time, have proper rules in place and decisions taken are objective and a long strategy which is kept in sync with the market conditions and future outlook. Again the kind of people in the board plays a crucial role in deciding whether a company survives or perishes. Too much emphasis on short term gains or simple greed often spells the death knell of companies.
Companies that survive and flourish for a number of years have a clearly defined generic strategy which helps gain the competitive advantage in the market while growth strategy defines the ways to gain market leadership position. Through these strategies they always gain competitive advantages and reach new heights.
Microsoft's growth strategies:
http://panmore.com/microsoft-corporation-generic-strategy-intensive-growth-strategies
Apple's growth strategies:
http://panmore.com/apple-inc-generic-strategy-intensive-growth-strategies